X-rays are necessary from time to time to make an accurate diagnosis and develop a plan of treatment. They are not used only when a broken bone is suspected. X-rays have many functions.
These are just the things we can see upon an x-ray that I can think of off the top of my head. A well-trained vet can pick up all of these easily. X-rays show us:
* Broken and fractured bones
* Dislocations
* Arthritis
* location and severity of an impaction
* Foreign bodies
* Bone density (necessary for diagnosing Metabolic Bone Disease /HLP )
* Tumors, cysts, etc
* Areas of stenosis
* Significant tissue swelling
* Lung infiltrates (pneumonia, aspiration)
* Osteomyelitis (infection in bone)
* Location and size of some organs
* Bone growth and shape (is it normal? )
* Tooth root issues or quality
* Excessive gas in abdominal cavity
So, as you can see, there are plenty of reasons to have an x-ray even if you do not suspect a broken bone.
Here are a few x-rays of gliders that have passed through my home.
Significant swelling in cheek (also a trained eye can see some changes in the bone due to osteomyelitis)
Multiple cysts
Broken spine
Healed spinal injury:
Poor bone density and curved long bones:
Multiple broken bones: